Browsing by Type "Conference Proceeding"
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Publication Altitude Variation of Snow Cover in Nevado Huascaran and its Relationship to ENSO during the Period 2001-2016(2021-01-01)The Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) is the most fundamental altitude in glacier studies that is related to the ablation and accumulation process in the glaciers. These processes play an important role which depend on the local climate. Nevado Huascaran is located in the Peruvian Andean Mountain and its ELA is affected by events of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The objective of this study is to estimate the Altitude Variation of Snow Cover (AVSC) in the Nevado Huascaran and analyze its relationship to ENSO. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Fractional Snow Cover (FSC) and The Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) are used. These data are processed and analyzed using filters and Wavelet Analysis. The results showed an AVSC anomaly with a period of around 2.99 years. This is a clear evidence on how ENSO influences over the Nevado Huascaran. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication An Estimation of Past and Present Air Temperature Conditions, Water Equivalent, and Surface Velocity of Rock Glaciers in Cordillera Volcanica, Peru(2021-01-01)Rock glaciers (RG) are one of the most important geomorphological features in the Peruvian Andes. However, the local characteristics of RG have barely been studied or remain unknown. The aim of this research was to characterize past and present conditions of the RG located in Cordillera Volcanica in the southern of Peru. For this purpose, an inventory of RG was carried out and modern and past regional mean air annual temperatures (MAATs) were calculated. We estimate the water equivalent of RG to assess their importance as possible storage of frozen water for past and present conditions using an empirical rule. In addition, the local surface velocity of RG was obtained from Landsat 8 imagery. Within the study area, 187 RG were identified (surface area of 8.3 km2). Of these, 63 were classified as inactive, 39 as active and 85 as relict forms. The altitudinal distribution of RG ranges between 4616 to 5551 m a.s.l. (meter above sea level) where modern MAAT is 0.9°C. In the current conditions, relict RG are located in positive MAAT levels around 1.4°C, however, for the past conditions, relict RG were located in negative MAAT levels around -5°C. The amount of water stored in intact RG range between 28 and 64 million m3. Meanwhile, for past conditions (paleo-WVE), we estimated that volume stored within rock relict RG was between 16 and 35 million m3 (we assume an ice-rich layer of RG permafrost has between 20-45%). On the other hand, the average surface velocities of the active RG have been estimated between 1 to 10 cm/month. The finding of this research contributes to increasing knowledge about RG in the Peruvian Andes, however, further research is needed to understand the importance of RG as stores of frozen water during the past and present conditions. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Design, Development and Implementation of a Low Cost Weather Station for high mountains(2021-08-05)This research is based on the need to have a measurement tool to carry out different studies that require meteorological information in high mountain areas, therefore, a low-cost weather station based on open source is designed and implemented. The design process considered the inclusion of the directives of the World Meteorological Organization and the place of installation. Then we continued with the assembly and installations in conjunction with a Campbell Scientific station (3800 m) and a HOBO station (5000 m), in order to compare their records. The Arduino Mega 2560 controller used as a datalogger responded adequately, the data captured when compared are very similar to those of the stations. The average difference between the low-cost station and the other two is in temperature 0.193 °C, humidity 1.3% RH, atmospheric pressure 0.14 mbar, solar radiation 5.8%, soil temperature 0.127 °C, wind speed 0.485 m/s and wind direction 1.33°. The cost benefit is 4 to 18 times compared to purchasing a commercial station and certified instrumentation.