INAIGEM
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Item type:Publication, A pre-Inca pot from underwater ruins discovered in an Andean lake provides a sedimentary record of marked hydrological change(Nature Research, 2019)Tapia Ormeño, PedroPre-Hispanic artifacts and sacred architecture were recently discovered submerged in a large lake (Laguna Sibinacocha) in the Peruvian Andes. The underwater ruins indicate a dramatic shift in the region’s hydrology but the timing and triggers of this shift remain unknown. In a novel approach blending archaeology and paleoecology, we analyzed a sediment sequence from within one of the recovered artifacts, specifically a pot from the Late Intermediate Period (~1000–1400 CE). Radioisotopic dating of discrete sediment intervals sampled from the pot show a stratigraphically intact profile that preserves a history of change at this site. The pot’s basal sediment age places the timing of lake-level rise during the late ~1600s CE, which post-dates the end of the Inca Empire (1400–1532 CE) by approximately 150 years. The ubiquity of planktonic algae throughout the sediment profile suggests water levels remained high above the pot since its submergence. Paleoclimate data from the nearby Quelccaya ice core records indicate lake flooding followed a pronounced wet period beginning ~1520 CE. These data show the permanence of mean state changes in climate on the region’s hydrology, with clear implications for the study site (an important water resource for ~500,000 people) and other lakes in the rapidly warming Andes. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Differing limnological responses to late Holocene climate variability in the Cordillera Vilcanota, Peruvian Andes(Springer editorial@springerplus.com, 2020)Tapia Ormeño, PedroIn recent decades, climate change in Peru’s Cordillera Vilcanota has resulted in massive reductions to its cryosphere and the upslope migration of species and agriculture. Little, however, is known about the response of the region’s many lakes that support local biodiversity and supply water to downstream populations. We analyzed fossil diatom assemblages in dated sediment cores from three lakes with differing morphometry and catchment characteristics to document the limnological response to climate variability over the late Holocene. The study lakes contained similar dominant diatom taxa but recorded markedly different assemblage shifts over time. The two deeper lakes, Laguna Sibinacocha (zmax = 92 m) and Chaca Cocha (zmax = 18 m), contained diatom assemblages that oscillated in dominance between benthic fragilarioids (Staurosirella pinnata, - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Author Correction: A pre-Inca pot from underwater ruins discovered in an Andean lake provides a sedimentary record of marked hydrological change (Scientific Reports, (2019), 9, 1, (19193), 10.1038/s41598-019-55422-1)(Nature Research, 2020)Tapia Ormeño, PedroEste estudio analiza una vasija preincaica hallada en ruinas subacuáticas de un lago andino para reconstruir cambios hidrológicos ocurridos en el pasado. A partir de los sedimentos acumulados dentro de la vasija, los investigadores identificaron evidencias de variaciones importantes en el nivel del agua y en las condiciones climáticas de la región, aportando información sobre cómo cambiaron los ambientes andinos antes de la época incaica. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Diatoms and other siliceous indicators track the ontogeny of a “bofedal” (Wetland) ecosystem in the peruvian andes(Canadian Science Publishing, 2021)Tapia Ormeño, PedroRecent warming in the Andes is affecting the region’s water resources including glaciers and lakes, which supply water to tens of millions of people downstream. High-elevation wetlands, known locally as “bofedales”, are an understudied Andean ecosystem despite their key role in carbon sequestration, maintenance of biodiversity, and regulation of water flow. Here, we analyze subfossil diatom assemblages and other siliceous bioindicators preserved in a peat core collected from a bofedal in Peru’s Cordillera Vilcanota. Basal radiocarbon ages show the bofedal likely formed during a wet period of the Little Ice Age (1520–1680 CE), as inferred from nearby ice core data. The subfossil diatom record is marked by several dynamic assemblage shifts documenting a hydrosere succession from an open-water system to mature peatland. The diatoms appear to be responding largely to changes in hydrology that occur within the natural development of the bofedal, but also to pH and possibly nutrient enrichment from grazing animals. The rapid peat accretion recorded post-1950 at this site is consistent with recent peat growth rates elsewhere in the Andes. Given the many threats to Peruvian bofedales including climate change, overgrazing, peat extraction, and mining, these baseline data will be critical to assessing future change in these important ecosystems. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, 700,000 years of tropical Andean glaciation(Nature Research, 2022) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Arduino data loggers: A helping hand in physical geography(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Glacial influence on the composition and diversity of the marine phytoplankton community in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica; Influencia glaciar en la composición y diversidad de la comunidad del fitoplancton marino en Bahía Almirantazgo, Isla Rey Jorge, Antártida(Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, 2024)Tapia Ormeño, PedroClimate change has contributed to rapid glacier retreat in the West Antarctic Peninsula, with potential implications for marine ecosystems, particularly phytoplankton communities. In this study, we examined the influence of glacier proximity on phytoplankton composition in Admiralty Bay, Antarctica, during the austral summer of 2020. In total, 12 sampling stations were established at various distances from the glacier front to collect water samples at 3 depths to quantitatively analyze phytoplankton. The community in all stations was found to be dominated by nanoflagellates (<20 µm) (95.5%), followed by diatoms (4.02%), and finally, dinoflagellates (0.47%). The diversity index (H') ranged from 0.07 to 1.04 bits·cell–1, with the highest indices observed at stations closer to the glacier fronts and the one closest to the coast (<3 km). Based on phytoplankton community composition, 3 clusters were identified: (1) the station closest to the coast, (2) stations located between 0.66 and 1.12 km from the glacier front, and (3) stations between 2.61 and 11.10 km from the glacier front. Overall, diversity exhibited a fourth-degree polynomial relationship (R2 = 0.35) with glacier distance. Therefore, it can be concluded that the composition of marine phytoplankton varies based on its proximity to glaciers in Admiralty Bay. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Declining glacier cover drives changes in aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity in the Cordillera Blanca, Perú(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024)Tapia Ormeño, PedroOngoing climate change threatens the biodiversity of glacier-fed river ecosystems worldwide through shifts in water availability and timing, temperature, chemistry, and channel stability. However, tropical glacier-fed rivers have received little attention compared to those in temperate and Arctic biomes, despite their unique biodiversity potentially responding differently due to additional stress from higher altitude locations thus lower oxygen availability, diurnal freeze–thaw cycles, and annual monsoon rainfall disturbances. This study quantified aquatic biodiversity responses to decreasing glacier cover in the Cordillera Blanca range of the Peruvian Andes. Ten rivers were studied along a gradient of decreasing glacier cover in the Parón, Huaytapallana, and Llanganuco basins, with a specific focus on macroinvertebrates and physicochemical parameters in both the dry and wet seasons. We found higher temperatures, more stable and lower turbidity rivers as glacier cover decreased, which were related significantly to higher local diversity and lower β-diversity. Analysis of similarity revealed significant differences in the macroinvertebrate community among rivers with high, medium, or low glacier cover, illustrating turnover from specialists to generalists as glacial influence decreased. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that there were more species found to prefer stable beds and water temperatures in medium and low glacier cover in a catchment rivers. However, certain taxa in groups such as Paraheptagyia, Orthocladiinae, Anomalocosmoecus, and Limonia may be adapted to high glacial influence habitats and at risk of glacier retreat. Although species composition was different to other biomes, the Cordillera Blanca rivers showed similar benthic macroinvertebrate biodiversity responses to glacier retreat, supporting the hypothesis that climate change will have predictable effects on aquatic biodiversity in mountain ranges worldwide.